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Hypertension

What is hypertension

Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure levels increase stable, which is prescribed by repeated measurements. Increased stress is a factor that is included in many diseases and can lead to the development of complications from the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires continuous control and drug treatment. At the modern clinic "MedCentrservice", you can undergo a full examination, if necessary, the doctor will choose effective therapy.

A variety of arterial hypertension

The most common form of mixed hypertension, in which both systolic and diastolic pressure increases. Less commonly, only one type of blood pressure is growing, which is a characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the incident, 2 types of arterial hypertension are distinguished:

  1. Primary or important. It is not possible to create the true cause of the disease, as no pathology can cause stress. Often, important hypertension arises due to stress, inactive lifestyle, due to genetic tendencies.
  2. Secondary. As a result of other diseases, you can accurately determine the source of pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if one has kidney disease.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees of hypertension are distinguished:

  • 1 degree. It continues in a soft form, an increase in systolic blood pressure to 140 mm Hg is observed. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
  • 2 degrees. Moderate, pressure increases to 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic lesions of the cardiovascular system can be observed.
  • 3 degrees. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure to the 200/115 mm Hg sign. Art. This condition can cause serious complications, as blood supply to the internal organs is disrupted.

IMPORTANT! If the 1st grade hypertension is not treated, then there is a high probability that the disease will develop. Very high pressure indicators can cause a hypertension crisis, which is full of stroke.

Complication

With long or severe hypertension, complications can occur. Among the most dangerous, they highlight:

  1. Brain wounds develop into stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable, and the recovery period takes a lot of time.
  2. Heart disease and blood circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
  3. Kidney disease. Against the background of arterial hypertension, kidney failure can develop, imbalance in the amount of salt and fluid in the body may occur.

A frequent complication is a hypertension crisis. Regular short pressure elevators are accompanied by severe headaches, vomiting, and rapid heartbeat.

Diagnosis and examination with increased blood pressure

Hypertension can cause serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease on time. First, you need to measure the pressure and check the target organs called.

The steps needed to make a "hypertension" diagnosis and calculate the severity of the disease:

  1. Pressure measurement is periodically free at home, at the doctor's office.
  2. Passes blood and urine analysis.
  3. Evaluation of heart muscle work - done using a phonedoscope or more detail - through ECG or heart ultrasound.
  4. Dopplerography - allows you to evaluate blood condition through vessels to the heart.
  5. Arteriography - makes it possible to see the state of the artery wall.
  6. Inspection of the bottom of the eye - required in the early stages of hypertension. With increased retinal vein pressure, the eyes develop, and the arteries are narrow.
  7. Kidney ultrasound and adrenal gland - this study allows you to evaluate kidney function, to identify damage to kidney tissue.

IMPORTANT! At the first signs of hypertension, you must consult your doctor. Timely diagnosis and complete examination will allow you to choose effective treatment and prevent complications.

The prevention of hypertension

For hypertension prevention, you need to adhere to some simple suggestions:

  1. Regularly measure blood pressure, carrying a diary with its indicator. Even small deviations of 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this occurs regularly, can be a worrying bell.
  2. Follow the way of life - motor activity, nutrition, excluding bad habits.
  3. Study regularly at the doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules will help minimize risk.

A rule for measuring blood pressure for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension

To get an objective picture when measuring stress, it is important:

  1. At least half an hour before the procedure, leaving smoking, the use of tea, coffee, alcohol and other drinks, food, and physical energy.
  2. When measuring pressure, take a simple position and do not cross your feet.
  3. The manometer should be at the heart level.
  4. To minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
  5. The difference between the leads on the left and right can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or even 20 mm hg. Art.

To get an objective picture, regularly measure stress at home and add data to a diary.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among different ages. Therefore, it is important to take responsibility for your health and regularly examine your doctor.

The cause of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can rise in people who are healthy -this is a natural reaction to stress and physical activity. If in a quiet state, at least three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure up to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, there is a probability of diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to impaired mechanisms that control blood pressure. There are several reasons that cause increased blood pressure:

  1. Congenital renal hypertension or acquired. If it violates the blood flow of the kidney, the kidneys are released into the body, increasing the amount of substance called renin. As a result, small vessels occur, the vascular wall gradually thickens, excess fluid is delayed in the bloodstream. The process described increases the burden on the liver, causing increased blood pressure.
  2. Overstrain nerves. Chronic stress and fatigue often lead to the development of hypertension.
  3. Hormone malfunction and metabolic disorders. They lead to disruption of blood circulation in the tissue.

Often increased blood pressure is observed with age. For people 20-40, normal pressure is 120/70-130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , Over 60 years - 140/90-150/90 mm Hg. Art.

The most common cause of pathology is hereditary. Also, high pressure factors include:

  • smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
  • SEDENTARI LIFE;
  • overweight;
  • Incorrect nutrition.

If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to regularly undergo physical examination and take all the necessary tests. It is important to consider that hypertension in the early stages can develop without significant symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is a dangerous disease. In the early stages, the pathology may not show itself, but the course without symptoms is not less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to measure blood pressure regularly and undergo medical examination. This is very important for patients from risk groups.

The first symptom of hypertension:

  • frequent headaches;
  • nasal bleeding;
  • violation of heart rhythm;
  • vision of vision;
  • Tinnitus.

With worse hypertension, the above symptoms may participate:

  • Disadvantages;
  • nausea;
  • vomiting;
  • Muscle tremors;
  • confusion;
  • Pain in the chest.

Often people eliminate the appearance of hypertension symptoms to general fatigue. But when the first alarming bell appears, you should consult your doctor immediately. With increased pressure, heart and kidneys work with maximum load, which can cause hypertonic crisis, heart and kidney failure.

Hypertension treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease, in the treatment where a comprehensive approach is required:

  • Lifestyle changes - recommended to increase motor activity, monitor diet;
  • The use of drug therapy will help reduce blood pressure and prevent complications.

Note! Only doctors can prescribe drug treatment and choose the dose of the drug. You cannot humiliate yourself so that you do not make things worse.

This article is published solely for refinement purposes for cognitive purposes and not scientific materials or professional medical councils. For diagnosis and treatment, consult a doctor.