Increased stress or hypertension: symptoms and treatment

Hypertension is a disease associated with increased blood pressure or blood pressure (blood pressure).For some people, the increase in pressure is the norm, but this is an exception to the rules, and the indicators mentioned for most people are pathological.

Causes and mechanisms of development of hypertension

In healthy people, stress is normal about 120/80 mm Hg.Art.At physiological and chemical levels, increased stress is the body's natural reaction to any harm or stress.In critical condition, adrenaline is thrown into the blood, the heart begins to work faster, narrow vessels, muscle contracts, and increased pressure.

Common stress, experience, lack of sleep, problems - all of which can lead to increased chronic stress.However.

The pathogenesis of hypertension is not completely explained.The basis of hemodynamics to increase blood pressure is an arterioral tone that increases due to nerve impulses that come from the central nervous system along the sympathetic path.

In addition to neurogenic mechanisms, other mechanisms that increase blood pressure, especially humoral, can also be turned on (sequential) humoral.

Kidney factors related to acute ischemia are also important.The inclusion of kidney factors contributes to the development of high and stable blood pressure.A well -known role in the complex pathogenetic mechanism of hypertension is played by the hormone cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

Therefore, two groups of factors can be distinguished in the mechanism to increase blood pressure in hypertension: neurogenic, which has a sympathetic nervous system affects arterioles tone, and humoral, which is associated with the secretion of catecholamines and some active ingredients that cause pressure effects.

The mechanism of hypertension development is complicated.Many organs and systems are involved.The degree of damage to various organs for hypertension can be the same, therefore, some clinical and anatomical variants of hypertension are distinguished: with major damage to the vessels -the kidney, heart and brain.

Symptom

Arterial pressure is a blood pressure, depending on the constant shock of the heart that performs its pump function.It gives about 70-90 abbreviations per minute.By measuring blood pressure, we take into account two digits: systolic pressure (at the time of heart muscle contraction) and diastolic pressure (at the time of relaxation).Arterial hypertension is commonly called pressure increases above 140 by 90, respectively.

With increased pressure, some of these features are usually observed:

• headache, sound in the ear;
• visual disorders;
• dizzy;
• absent;
• Memory deterioration;
• sleepy;
• blood pressure instability;
• nausea;
• chills;
• swelling of the eyelids, swelling in the morning;
• heart beats;
• chills, sweating, pulse on the head;
• facial redness, internal tension, anxiety, irritation;
• decrease in performance;
• swelling of the limbs, numbing fingers;
• It hurts in the heart.

If any of these symptoms are observed from time to time, this is not evidence of increased stress.But if you see the presence of chronic signs, consult your doctor.

The most common sign of the disease is headache.The second most important symptoms in increasing stress is a problem with visual perception:

• Hang in the eyes;
• cannot be defended by objects;
• decrease in peripheral vision;
• blind attacks;
• fog in front of my eyes;
• Reduces the reaction to light.

Hypertension and hypertension: What's the difference?

Hypertension is a chronic disease with prolonged and persistent high blood pressure, and hypertension is an increase in blood pressure (that is, not diagnosis, but body condition).In fact, the term is one and the same, only the first marks the name of the disease, and the second expresses the fact that blood pressure increases.

Hypertension hypertension is characterized by current features.Although hypertension is a free disease, arterial hypertension is a symptom of a pathological condition, which shows itself exactly in increased stress.

Therefore, to say that this is one and the same, it is only possible in the case of a hypertension crisis.The crisis itself is characterized by increased pressure (hypertension) and at the same time causes hypertension.

A level of hypertension

To the doctor for the right diagnosis, it is necessary to determine the level of hypertension in the patient and make the appropriate record in his medical card.If hypertension is diagnosed in late patients, that is, in the 2nd or 3rd stage, then the consequences for the patient's body will be more serious than if hypertension treatment begins in the first stage.However, some patients with hypertension in the early stages of their turn to the doctor or at least measure blood pressure.

First stage

140-150/90 mm Hg.Art.When arterial pressure changes -change in this limit, the patient is diagnosed with the first level of hypertension (light).Hypertonic crisis is rare, the disease is not small.

The second stage

160-170/100-109 mm Hg.Art.- Second level of hypertension (medium).Hypertonic crisis is typical.The narrowing of the retinal artery, the left ventricular hypertrophy is objectively recorded.

The third stage

200-300/129 mm Hg.Art.And above.Severe hypertension crisis (a very severe form of hypertension) often develops.Damage effects cause hypertension encephalopathy, levo -Ventricular deficiency, brain vessels, hemorrhoids and optic nerve edema, and kidney failure, and kidney failure.

Why is hypertension dangerous?

Doctors argue that the effects of hypertension are threatening for the life of AIDS, cancer and tuberculosis are combined.The hatred of the disease is that the symptoms are similar to the signs of normal hard work.Therefore, about half of hypertension about their disease will learn late when it is very difficult to treat it and almost impossible to stop the process of destroying the body.

The danger of hypertension is that it begins as a violation of the function of blood pressure control, but in the future leads to many serious diseases of the internal organs and systems, especially to cardiovascular disease.Hypertension, which occurs without medical control, can cause heart attacks, increases in the liver and, eventually, to heart failure.

The consequences of hypertension are extremely dangerous for those with harmful factors on the effects of murder on the body of blood pressure - smoking, alcohol, unhealthy nutrition, inactive lifestyle, frequent stress, high cholesterol levels in the body and diabetes.Such people increase the risk of heart attacks, stroke and kidney failure, blindness and various cognitive disorders - memory reduction, intelligence and performance.

Hypertension is the killer No.1 Among all cardiovascular diseases.The death of it over the past 25 years has grown from 98 to 107 people every 100 thousand people.This is a significant growth.50% of patients were treated efficiently, but only 10% reached a target of blood pressure, below 130 by 80.

Which doctor is involved in treatment?

With increased stress, you should go to a specialist.The therapist performs the patient's initial examination, takes the necessary tests and determines which doctor further.This feature is explained by the fact that the therapist is an expert in several areas of medicine at once.

After completing the initial examination, the doctor issued a reference for another specialist examination:

• neurologists;
• cardiologist;
• nephrologist;
• Okulist;
• Endocrinology.

Diagnostics

The simplest diagnostic method is blood pressure measurement.If there is a stable increase to 140/90 mm Hg.Art.And above, this means that there is hypertension.

Increased pressure is considered stable during repeated measurements (at least 2-3 times on different days for 4 weeks).

The following diagnostic methods are also used to determine the presence of hypertension:

• Urine analysis for protein and glucose;
• on hemoglobin or hematocrit;
• Determination of creatinine levels or increased nitrogen in blood and urine;
• glucose levels during hunger;
• electrocardiogram;
• Heart ultrasound, kidneys;
• Optometrist consultation with a bleeding under -vessel study.

Measurement of blood pressure

Measurement of blood pressure with manual tonometer (korotkov method):

1. The cuff tonometer should be at the heart level (center of the chest) 2 cm above the elbow.The finger should pass between the nemble and the hand.Cuff should cover at least 80% of shoulder circumference and at least 40% of its length.
2. Place the fonondoscope membrane at the point of the shoulder artery.
3. Quickly pump the air into the cuff with a pear (do not forget to close the valve first) so that the air does not return to the upper pressure level, 20 mm Hg.Art.exceeding the systolic (according to the loss of pulse).
4. Slowly release the air from the manset at a speed of 2 mm Hg.Art.In sec.The first blow to hear matches the top pressure value.Tone levels stop matching lower pressure.If the tone is very weak, you should raise your hands, bend and straighten it several times, and repeat the measurement.

Blood tests and urine

General blood tests or urine tests for hypertension will not be informative.It is not possible to determine the cause of the disease by the indicator, but they help to know the level of the disease.

From general blood tests, you can learn about the number of forms, as well as evaluate the presence of inflammation in the body.

The assessment of the liver work

There are several methods for evaluating liver work:

1. Physical diagnosis involves a heart muscle study with the help of a phonondoscope.The doctor "heard" to the liver, revealing noise, rhythm disorders.Based on physical diagnostic outcomes, ECG is prescribed.
2. ECG (Electrocardiogram) is also an assessment of heart muscle work, just more detail.Such studies allow you to identify possible changes in time and fully analyze liver work for a certain period of time.
3. Dopplerography is an effective ultrasound examination that helps determine blood condition through the vessel.
4. Arteriography is a radiological method that assesses the condition of the artery wall, exposing atheromatous plaque, arterial defects.

Inspection of the bottom of the eye

The eyes, like the liver, are considered to be the target organ with hypertension, so when diagnosing increased pressure, the eyes of an ifalmologist are examined.As a rule, with hypertension, in the early stages, retinal veins and arterial narrowing.Changes in this function can be reversed: by normalization of pressure, the blood vessels are also normal.

In the second stage, organic changes occur, the situation increases.Microanevrisms appear, bleeding can occur.

In the third stage, the conditions of optic nerve change, sharpness and view of the view, visual function are interrupted.

Ultrasound

With kidney ultrasound and adrenal glands, kidney work is evaluated.Due to increased pressure in the organs, the nephron dies of cells that filter a liter of blood daily from toxins.In the end, this can cause kidney failure.

Kidney ultrasound helps to identify volumetric formations in the adrenal glands, severe wounds from the kidney tissue.Kidney artery ultrasound is also prescribed.

How to treat hypertension?

Non -Drug Methods:

• weight loss to normal;
• The refusal of smoking;
• decreased alcoholic beverages;
• moderate physical activity (regular walking in fresh air);
• reduction of salt consumption;
• increased dietary diets rich in calcium, magnesium and potassium;
• Reduces the use of animal fat.

Drug therapy is prescribed if the non -Valley method has no effect, or the patient has a risk factor for the development of diabetes, hypertension crisis, kidney damage, and coronary atherosclerosis.

Drug

The development of medicines for hypertension has been going on for over a dozen years.But today, the developmental problem of new ways, more effective and safe to reduce and control the stress is still acute to medicine and pharmacology.

Today there are many types of medicines, but they all differ in the type of exposure, efficiency, indication and contraindications.The cost they play an important role.Therefore, for each patient, doctors choose the individual scheme of hypertension treatment, based on the cause of the incident:

1. Diuretics.These drugs partially inhibit the calcium channel, have a vasodilating effect.They are recommended if there are vascular disease at the same time as hypertension, but it is contraindicated for people who have undergone myocardial infarction.
2. ACE Inhibitor (Enzyme angiotenzinzinoprofing).Reduce the production of enzymes that stimulate decreased blood vessels.They are very effective, well received by patients with hypertension, affecting the cardiovascular system.They are often recommended after myocardial infarction, as well as increased pressure on the background of diabetes.
3. Beta-adrenosaers.Reduces heart rate and reduces their strength.They have a variety of applications and are recommended for angina pectoris, tachycardia, after a heart attack, against a background of heart failure.
4. Medicines for reduction in emergency stress.These include motherwort extract, valerian, peony root.

Diet

Special products for hypertension are baked potatoes.This product is rich in potassium-elements of the most important trace that controls the metabolism of water salt in the body.

The main nutritional elements for hypertension are potassium, calcium, magnesium.It is a trace element that contributes to the decrease in blood pressure.

Diet for hypertension implies the rejection of fast food products, which are usually burdened with sodium, and it helps increase stress.In addition, the diet should be saturated with the product, also rich in calcium and magnesium:

• cereals - bread, rice, solid -type wheat;
• dried fruits and vegetables -sheets;
• low meat and chicken;
• low dairy products;
• Beans and nuts.

Treat carefully with fatty foods, as well as sugars.

Doctors claim that compliance with diet helps maintain pressure within the normal limit and thus reduces the risk of stroke by almost 40%, and a 30%heart attack.

Vivid

All patients with blood pressure indicators are higher than 120-130 by 80-64 mm Hg.Art.You need to immediately change the usual way of life and nutrition for them.It consists of limiting smoking and drinking alcohol, proper preparation from full diet, physical exercise.

A healthy lifestyle for hypertension, such as chronic illness, is one of the main factors of effective treatment.Therefore, change is considered a critical step in the treatment process, as well as the prevention of arterial hypertension.

The recovery of the people

Most patients with hypertension take special drugs, but you can also fight the disease with the help of famous folk remedies.Consider some effective recipes:

1. Hemp seeds.They contain large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids.They contribute to increased levels of lipoprotein increases in blood density, which is a prevention of increased cholesterol and the formation of atherosclerotic complications in the blood vessel wall.The body itself cannot synthesize this substance, so it is important to make sure it comes with food.In hemp seeds, the amount of omega-3 is 25% of the weight pleased they are relatively inexpensive and are well absorbed.Take linen seeds 3 tablespoons a day in chopped form.
2. Tincture of red pine cones.Helps normalize blood pressure and adjust the post -states.Tincture is provided like this:
• Collect raw materials in the summer months, rinse under running water and pour into a liter jar;
• Pour vodka or alcohol 40 degrees, then place in a dark place;
• assert 2-3 weeks at room temperature;
• Before you start taking, tension through the gauze, doubles.
• Properly provided tincture should be dark red.Take 3 times a day and a half hours before eating on a teaspoon.You can mix with water or tea.
3. Garlic.If you take garlic regularly, this stimulates blood flow in the vessel, preventing the deposition of the oxidative degid wall.The properties of the crushed powder with the help of garlic to prevent blood clotting.Continued use of garlic cloves helps lower blood pressure by 7-8%.


You can also cook garlic infusion:

• Two chopped garlic teeth and pour a glass of boiled water;
• Let it create 12 hours;
• In the morning, drink and prepare new absorption.
• This course is a month.Take glass twice a day.
4. Lemon with cranberries and honey.Grate the lemon and mix the spoon with a cranberry spoon.Add half a tablespoon of fresh soil rosehip, a glass of honey and take one tablespoon of product in the morning and evening.
5. Plantain.Take 4 tablespoons of crushed plant leaves.Pour a glass of vodka and let the drink for two weeks in a dark place.Strain the mixture and use 30 drops three times a day.

Prophesy

Prognosis for hypertension in the sense of absolute recovery is usually unprofitable.Only at the transistor stage is a complete cessation of further development of the disease.However, modern methods of treatment allow you to slow down the development of the disease, prevent the development of complications, reduce the patient's condition and maintain their ability to work for a long time.

Predictions for kidney variants This course is very unprofitable, especially when kidney arteriolosclerosis develops.This forecast is worsening by the participation of atherosclerosis at any level of hypertension.

Steps -Prevention Steps for hypertension

Hypertension prevention is divided into primary and secondary.The main prevention requires healthy - those whose stress has not exceeded normal numbers.Complex Steps -The healing steps below will help not only for years to maintain normal pressure, but also to lose weight and improve overall well -being:

• low diet;
• animal fat limitations;
• training;
• unloading psychology;
• rejection of bad habits;
• Weight control.

Steps -Secondary steps are intended to hold blood pressure in the norms of hypertension patients, the exception of hypertension crisis, and prevent complications of the disease.Secondary Prevention-Participation of psychological training that contributes to moral and emotional loading, physiotherapy procedures, treatment in sanatorium, sedative use that improves sleep, traditional medicine use (hawthorn, peony, valerian, motherwort) and daily control indicators.

If you pay attention to timely hypertension and start treating it, you can avoid serious consequences.Problems with stress are solved not only through medication, but at a greater level due to a healthy and proper lifestyle and control their health.