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Hypertension (increased pressure)

Increased pressure above age norms is right to call arterial hypertension.

If pressure increases often or for a long time, and during the examination, it is not possible to identify these causes, then hypertension is diagnosed.If a person has a disease that causes increased stress (for example, traumatic brain injury in the past, kidney disease, etc.), then they talk about secondary arterial hypertension.However, in the collapse, all cases of increased pressure are often called hypertension.

Hypertension is known as a "quiet killer", as it does not always have obvious symptoms, especially in the early stages.It has been established that increased pressure has 20-30 % of adult population, although many do not know about their illness for a long time.If hypertension is not treated, the risk of heart attack or increased stroke.The only way to know the presence of a problem isMeasurement of blood pressure using an electronic tonometerregularly measure blood pressure.

Blood pressure is a power that is suppressed by blood against the walls of the blood vessels and heart.With hypertension, blood pressure in the artery and heart becomes too high, leading to the initial clothing of these organs and increases the dangers of other diseases, for example, the function of kidney or brain.

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is set in two dimensions:

  • Systolic pressure - blood pressure at this time when your heart is reduced and pushes blood into the artery;
  • Diastolic pressure - blood pressure at the time of the heart muscle relaxation between two contractions.

For example, if your doctor says that your blood pressure is "140 by 90", this means your systolic pressure is 140 mm Hg.Art., And diastolic pressure - 90 mm Hg.Art.

Optimal blood pressure in adults is considered less than 120/80 mm Hg.Art.However, in the norm is number up to 139/89 including.If, according to the results of some measurements, your pressure exceeds 140/90 including, you have arterial hypertension, additional examination is required and, possibly, treatment.

Symptoms of arterial hypertension (hypertension)

Increased blood pressure is not always accompanied by changes in well -being.The only way to find out if you have hypertension is to measure blood pressure.Adults should check their blood pressure at least once every five years.

If you are pregnant, it is important to constantly check your blood pressure, even if it is not high.Observation of blood pressure during pregnancy reduces the risk of complications.Increased blood pressure in pregnant women can cause preeclampsia.This is a dangerous condition in which there is a problem with the placenta (an organ that provides the blood circulation of the unborn).

Sometimes -sometimes high pressure symptoms are:

  • headache;
  • dark or double in the eyes;
  • Bleeding from the nose;
  • Dyspnea.

These signs appear in people with very high pressure.If you find any of these symptoms, consult your doctor.Without treatment, arterial hypertension can cause serious illnesses, including stroke and heart attack.Immediately make an appointment with a therapist if you find any of these symptoms or increased stress.If the symptoms are stated significantly, contact the ambulance.

Causes of hypertension (arterial hypertension)

In more than 90% of cases, the cause of increased blood pressure cannot be established.Then hypertension is called important or important.Factors that can increase the risk of your main hypertension from you include:

  • Age: The risk of developing hypertension increases with age;
  • In your family there are cases of hypertension (this disease may be hereditary);
  • Excess salt in your diet;
  • lack of physical training;
  • equipment;
  • smoking;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • Pressure.

The cause of known hypertension

About 10% of high pressure cases are the result of a particular disease or cause.These cases are related to secondary hypertension.The common source of pressure in this case is:

  • kidney disease;
  • Diabetes mellitus;
  • narrowing the artery that supplies the kidneys;
  • Hormone diseases, such as kushing syndrome (a disease in which the body produces too many steroid hormones);
  • Diseases that affect connective tissue, for example, systemic erythematosus lupus;
  • contraceptives (oral contraceptives);
  • painkillers, known as non -ssteroid anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);
  • club drugs, such as cocaine, amphetamine and crystal methamphetamine;
  • Some plant remedies, herbal additives.

Diagnosis of hypertension

To diagnose arterial hypertension and identify possible causes, especially using systematic measurement of blood pressure.This can be done by medical workers and independently, using home tools to measure stress.

Healthy people over the age of 40 should measure their blood pressure at least once every five years.If you have an increased risk of hypertension, you should check your blood pressure more often, preferably a year.

Examining blood pressure is usually easy to do in most clinics and hospitals.Blood pressure is usually measured by using a tonometer (pressure gauge), a device consisting of stethoscopes, cuffs, measuring devices, air injections and valves.

Cuff is wrapped in shoulders and pumped to limit blood flow to the artery.Then the air in the cuffs began to slow down, listening to the pulse with a stethoscope.Listening to your pulse in a place under the cuff with hereditary air allows you to get reliable data on your blood pressure readings.In addition, automatic (digital) tonometer is now common, which measures pressure and pulse using electrical sensors.

Before continuing your blood pressure measurement, you should rest for at least five minutes and empty your bladder.To get the right blood pressure testimony, you need to sit down and not talk during manipulation.

If one of the measurements you find increased blood pressure, then this does not necessarily mean that you have hypertension.During the day, blood pressure levels can change.Stress can increase while taking a doctor due to anxiety and stress.In this case, it is recommended to measure pressure during your own day, using a home tonometer.Without the "fear of white robes", you can get more objective clues.

You can also take blood and urine tests to check the presence of diseases that increase the risk of high blood pressure, for example, kidney disease.

Break the tonometer reading

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury mercury (mm rt.) And set in two range:

  • Systolic pressure - blood pressure at this time when your heart is reduced and pushes blood into the artery;
  • Diastolic pressure - blood pressure at the time of the heart muscle relaxation between two contractions.

For example, if your systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg.Art., And diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg.Art., Then they say that your pressure is 140 by 90.

Ideally, blood pressure should be less than 120/80.However, the signs below 140/90 are usually considered normal.If you have kidney disease, diabetes or heart disease and blood circulatory system, your target blood pressure should be below 130/80 mm Hg.Art.

If the pressure indicator for a few days is higher than the 140/90 sign - you have arterial hypertension and further examination is required.

High stress treatment

Effective action to reduce blood pressure in lifestyle and drug changes.The choice of treatment regimen depends on the level of blood pressure and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

If your blood pressure is slightly higher than 130/80 mm Hg.Art., And at the same time, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in your low vascular disease, so you should be able to reduce stress simply by making certain changes in your lifestyle.

If your blood pressure is relatively high (140/90 mm Hg or higher), and there is a risk of developing cardiovascular disease in you over the next 10 years, then treatment will include medicine and adjust your lifestyle.

If your blood pressure is very high (180/110 mm Hg or higher), then in the near future you need treatment, possibly with additional examinations, depending on your health condition.

Lifestyle with arterial hypertension

Here are some changes you can make for your lifestyle to reduce stress.Some of them will lead to a rapid increase in a few weeks, others will affect longer periods.

  • Reduce the use of salt to less than 6 grams a day.
  • Eat healthy, low, balanced foods in the composition, including many fruits and vegetables.
  • Being active: Maintaining physical activity is one of the important things you need to do to prevent or control hypertension.
  • Reduces alcohol consumption.
  • Reject smoking.Smoking significantly increases the likelihood of developing lungs and heart disease.
  • Lose weight.
  • Drink less coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks, such as cola.The use of more than four cups of coffee daily can increase your blood pressure.
  • Try using relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation and stress management (autogenic training).

Your healthier habits will master, the more positive effects will have.In practice, some people find that when maintaining a healthy lifestyle, they usually have the need to take medicine.

Treatment of hypertension drugs

There are a variety of drug options.You may need to take more than one type of medicine, as sometimes hypertension treatment requires a combination of several drugs.

In some cases, you need to take pressure to reduce stress throughout your life.However, if your blood pressure level is still under control for several years, you will have the opportunity to stop medical treatment.Most high pressure drugs can cause side effects, but this problem can be solved by replacing the medications taken.

Tell your doctor if you have the usual side effects of taking the medication:

  • sleepy feeling;
  • kidney disease (in the lower back);
  • dry cough;
  • dizziness, fatigue or fatigue;
  • Raw on the skin.

Here are the most widely used remedies for high pressure.

  1. Angiotensin Enzyme Inhibitors (APF)Reduce blood pressure, relax the blood vessel wall.The most common side effects are persistent dry cough.If the side effects begin to interfere with too much, drugs such as the Angiotensin-2 receptor antagonists can suggest you, the same action as the action of ACE inhibitors.

    ACE inhibitors can cause unexpected side effects if they are taken together with others, including more, medications.Before taking additional medications, consult your doctor if a combination of negative side effects will cause them.

  2. Calcium channel blockers(calcium antagonists) Prevents calcium into cells -heart muscle tissue and blood vessels.This leads to the development of your artery (large blood vessels) and decreased blood pressure.

    The use of grapefruit juice when taking several types of calcium channel blockers can increase the risk of side effects.In detail you can discuss this issue with your doctor.

  3. Diuretic(diuretics) acts due to excess fluid and salt excretion from the body.

  4. Beta blockers (beta-blockers)They act by reducing the frequency and strength of heart contraction, thus reducing blood pressure.Previously, beta-blockers were a popular drug for high pressure, but at this time they are usually used only when other methods do not have the necessary effects.This is due to the fact that beta-blockers are considered less effective than other types of drugs for increased stress.

    Beta blockers can also affect the effects of other drugs, causing side effects.Consult your doctor before taking another drug in combination with beta-blockers.

    Do not stop taking Beta Blockers suddenly without consulting your doctor.This can cause serious side effects, such as increased blood pressure or angina pectoris attacks.

  5. Alpha Blockers (Alpha-Blockers)Usually, they are not recommended as the first option to reduce high blood pressure, except when other drugs do not have the right effect.Alpha blockers act by relieving your blood vessels, significantly facilitating blood flow.

    The usual side effects of the alpha barrier include:

    • fainting on the first administration of the drug ("first dose effect");
    • dizzy;
    • headache;
    • swelling of the ankle;
    • Fatigue.

A complication of hypertension

Increased blood pressure causes an additional burden on your heart and blood vessels.If hypertension is not treated, after a certain amount of time the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney disease increases.

Cardiovascular disease for hypertension

Hypertension can cause various heart and blood vessels and heart vessels (cardiovascular disease), including:

  • stroke;
  • myocardial infarction;
  • Embolia: it occurs when blood clots or air bubbles block blood flow in the vessel;
  • Aneurysm: It develops when the blood vessel wall is stretched and can rupture at any time, causing internal bleeding.

Kidney disease and pressure increase

Hypertension can also cause damage to small blood vessels in the kidneys and damage their function.These complications can cause symptoms such as:

  • fatigue;
  • ankle edema, feet or hands (due to delay in water in the body);
  • Dyspnea;
  • presence of blood in urine;
  • frequent urination, especially at night;
  • Skin itching.

Kidney disease is treated with medicines and supplements of food.More serious cases require dialysis (a treatment procedure in which blood is cleared by toxic metabolism products in the body) or kidney transplantation.

Prevention of pressure increases

The development of hypertension can be prevented by a healthy diet, maintaining normal weight, performing frequent physical training, restrictions on alcohol use and smoking rejection.

Smoking itself does not cause high blood pressure, but significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.Smoking, like high blood pressure, leads to arterial narrowing.If you smoke in the presence of hypertension, then your artery will narrow faster and the risk of developing heart and lung disease in the future will increase significantly.

Power supply at high pressure

Reduce the amount of salt in your diet, eat lots of fruits and vegetables.Salt increases the pressure.The more salt you eat, the higher your pressure.Try to eat less than 6 g of salt a day, which is about one teaspoon.

As proven, the use of low -fat foods and high fiber content (for example, cereal rice, bread and pasta) and a large number of fruits and vegetables help reduce blood pressure.Fruits and vegetables -Rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber that support your body in a healthy state.Try to eat five servings of 80 g of fruits and vegetables -daily.

Drinking alcohol regularly on the norms allowed over time will lead to increased blood pressure.Men are not recommended to use more than 2-4 servings of alcohol daily, and women are more than 2-3.Fixed use is intended daily or most days of the week.1 part of the alcohol is about -it matches a glass of vodka, half a glass of wine or half a cup of beer.

Also, because alcohol is very calorie, its regular use leads to weight gain, and, thus, to increase your blood pressure.

If you drink more than four cups of coffee daily, this can lead to increased pressure.If you are a fan of coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks (such as Coca-Cola and some energy drinks), consider the possibility of reducing its use.It is great when you drink tea and coffee as part of a balanced diet, but it is important that the drink is not the only source of your liquid.

Heavy and physical training for hypertension

Excessive weight forces the heart to work more intensively to pump blood through the whole body, which usually leads to increased blood pressure.If you are true -it is important to lose weight, it is important to remember that losing two or three pounds of weight will lead to significant changes in your blood pressure reading and improve your health in general.

Active lifestyle and frequent exercise lead to decreased blood pressure by maintaining the heart and blood vessels in good condition.Regular exercises also help you lose weight, which also helps you reduce your blood pressure.

Adults should be spent weekly for at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) on moderate open intensity exercises, such as cycling or fast walking.When doing exercises, you should focus on the fact that you should feel warm and a little breathing.Complete people, to achieve this, can be slightly on the hill.Physical activity can include a variety of exercises, from sports to walking and working in the park.

Relaxation exercises can reduce blood pressure.They include:

  • Pressure management (autogenic training), meditation or yoga.
  • Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, which focuses on how your thoughts and beliefs can influence your well-being and the ability to solve problems.You can talk to your doctor the opportunity to undergo such psychotherapy.
  • Biological feedback (a self -regulation method used to help you with conscious blood pressure regulations): In small monitors, you will show your heart rate or blood pressure in real time.References for biological feedback can be performed by your doctor.

Which doctor to contact with hypertension?

If you have increased stress, find a good therapist who can understand the cause of the disease and prescribe treatment.If you have a heart complaint or have a chronic cardiovascular disease, choose a cardiologist.