Almost everyone has experienced an increase in blood pressure at least once in their life and knows how many problems hypertension causes.However, hypertension is not as dangerous as it seems at first glance.
Serious fluctuations in stress have a negative effect on the body, and chronic diseases, if not treated, even lead to the worst consequences.Today we will talk about how each stage of hypertension is different and what risks it carries.
Headache level
Stage I
Pressure at stage 1 hypertension does not exceed 159/99 mm.Hg Art.Blood pressure may remain at this high level for several days.Even regular rest and the exclusion of stressful situations significantly help to reduce its indicators.In more severe stages, blood pressure can no longer be normalized easily.
This stage of the development of hypertension is characterized by the absence of any signs that the target organs are affected by high blood pressure, therefore, in many cases there is an almost asymptomatic course of the disease.Only sometimes sleep disturbances, pain in the head or heart appear.Clinical examination may reveal a slight increase in tone in the arterial fundus.
Hypertensive crisis in form 1 of this disease is very rare and occurs mostly under the influence of external conditions, for example, weather or severe stress.This also often happens during menopause in women.The stage of the disease is early, therefore it is very treatable, and lifestyle changes are often sufficient;drug therapy may not be necessary.With the timely initiation of treatment and the conscious implementation of each recommendation, the prognosis is excellent.
Stage II
The pressure level in stage 2 hypertension is in the range of up to 179 mm.Hg Art.(diastolic) and up to 109 mm.Hg Art.(systolic).Rest can no longer normalize blood pressure.Patients often experience pain, shortness of breath during exercise, lack of sleep, dizziness and angina.
This group is distinguished by the appearance of the first signs of internal organs.Often this form of damage has almost no effect on its function.There are also no obvious subjective symptoms bothering the patient.Often, at stage 2 of the development of hypertension, the following are detected:
- characteristic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy;
- the amount of creatine in the blood increases;
- arterial narrowing occurs in the retina;
- Protein is found in urine.
Hypertensive crisis is not uncommon in stage 2 hypertension, which requires the threat of developing very serious complications, including stroke.In this case, it can no longer be managed without continuous drug therapy.
Stage III
The last stage of hypertension has the most severe course and has the most extensive group of disturbances in the function of the entire group of target organs.The kidneys, eyes, brain, blood vessels and heart suffer the most.Blood pressure is constant and it is quite difficult to normalize its level even if you take pills.An increase in blood pressure to 180/110 mm is not uncommon.Hg Art.and higher.
The symptoms of stage 3 of this disease are in many ways similar to those listed above, but they are also accompanied by rather dangerous signs of the affected organs (for example, kidney failure).Memory often deteriorates, severe heart rhythm disturbances occur, and vision decreases.
The most dangerous thing is that hypertension always affects the heart.Muscle contraction and conduction are almost always affected.Clinical studies also reveal many disorders in other organs.
Hypertension not only has stage 1, 2, 3, but also degree 1, 2, 3, which we will discuss later.
Degree
I have a degree
The first level of severity refers to the mildest, where periodic spikes in blood pressure are observed.Another feature is that the pressure level is able to stabilize itself.The most common cause of stage 1 headaches is constant stress.
II degree
Moderate hypertension is characterized not only by the impossibility of independent stabilization of blood pressure, but also by the fact that the period of normal pressure is very short.The main manifestation is a severe headache.
If the disease develops quickly, we can talk about the course of malignant hypertension.This form is very dangerous, because the disease can develop quickly.
III degree
With grade 3 hypertension, the pressure always remains in a stable high state.If the blood pressure drops, the person is plagued by weakness, as well as some other symptoms from the internal organs.The changes that occur at this stage of the disease are irreversible.
Also, the classification of hypertension includes, in addition to 1, 2, 3 degrees and levels, 1, 2, 3, 4 risks, which we will talk about later.
Risk
Low, not important
The lowest risk of complications is found in women under the age of 65 and men under the age of 55 who have experienced "mild" stage 1 arterial hypertension. In the next 10 years, only about 15% will develop vascular or cardiac pathology that develops as a result of this disease.Such patients are often managed by general practitioners, as there is no point in serious treatment by cardiologists.
If there is still a small risk, the patient should try to change their lifestyle significantly in the near future (no more than 6 months).He can be observed by the doctor for some more time if the dynamics are positive.If such treatment does not bring results, and a decrease in blood pressure cannot be achieved, the doctor may recommend a change in treatment tactics, which will require a drug prescription.However, doctors often insist on leading a healthy lifestyle, because such therapy will not have any negative consequences.
Simple
This group includes patients with hypertension of both the second and first type.Their blood pressure usually does not exceed 179/110 mm.Hg Art.Patients in this category may have 1-2 risk factors:
- descent,
- smoking,
- obesity,
- little physical activity,
- high cholesterol,
- impaired glucose tolerance.
Over 10 years of observation, the development of cardiovascular pathology is possible in 20% of cases.Normal lifestyle modifications should be included in the list of treatment measures.For 3-6 months, medication may not be prescribed to give the patient a chance to normalize their condition through lifestyle changes.
high
Patients with type 1 and 2 hypertension should also be included in the risk group with a high probability of detecting complications, but if they already have some of the predisposing factors described above.They also include any damage to target organs, diabetes mellitus, changes in retinal vessels, high creatinine levels, and atherosclerosis.
There may be no risk factors, but patients with stage 3 arterial hypertension also belong to this group of patients.All of them have already been observed by cardiologists, because hypertension is mostly long-term.The probability of complications reaches 30%.Lifestyle changes can be used as an adjuvant strategy, but the main part of therapy is medication.The selection of drugs must be carried out in a short time.
Next we will talk about a serious diagnosis: stage 3 hypertension, risk 4.
very high
Patients with the highest risk of complications in the function of the heart and blood vessels are a group of patients with stage 3 hypertension or stages 1 and 2 if the latter has any disorder in the target organ.This group is one of the smallest.The main treatment is carried out in the hospital.Drug therapy is actively carried out and often includes several drug groups.
The probability of developing complications is more than 30%.