Hypertension refers to several diseases related to the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it defined? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is expressed by normal high blood pressure in humans (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and above). This disease is a common human problem.
Causes of hypertension
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops for a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions in which hypertension manifests itself are versatile:
- accommodation;
- stressful situations;
- professional activities;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- developmental pathology;
- diabetes;
- high cholesterol.
Also, the cause of hypertension is a genetic predisposition. The cause of hypertension in women is because of difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
Pathological symptoms
Often, the early signs of hypertension do not cause suspicion, because this is the result of normal fatigue and overwork. But if you feel a constant manifestation of symptoms, and when measuring the pressure it is always raised, you definitely need to see a doctor. Early signs of hypertension:
- headache (developing in the occipital region and around the head), which can occur at any time of the day, aggravated by bending or sudden movements;
- pain in the region of the heart, with experience and pressure;
- ringing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- feelings of anxiety;
- throbbing sensation in the head;
- too much work.
As the disease progresses, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, hypertensive patients show excessive sweating, facial swelling, hand swelling, and memory impairment.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in patients with hypertension. Exacerbation is characterized by a sudden increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or stopping medication.
Hypertensive patients during exacerbation experience the following conditions:
- nausea (vomiting may begin);
- sharp darkness in the eyes;
- difficulty breathing;
- severe pain in the head and chest;
- facial redness.
Diagnostics
| Basic diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | The portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt, and the cuff is placed on the shoulder. After some time interval, the cuff inflates, and the mobile device will set the pressure. During the day, blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes, and at night - every 30 minutes. |
| Blood and urine tests | The analysis is able to determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine, glucose, showing cholesterol levels. |
| Instrumental diagnostics of the heart |
|
| Eye examination | An ophthalmologist performs an eye examination. In the early stages of the disease, retinal veins dilate and arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | With increased pressure, the nephron, the blood filter, dies in the kidney. This can lead to kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidney reveals: tumor in the adrenal gland, possible kidney tissue pathology. |
Pathological treatment
During treatment, the patient should lead a calm lifestyle, where there is no stress or emotional burden. The patient needs to spend more time outdoors, preferably walking in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is important to follow the diet, because proper nutrition is the key to successful treatment of arterial hypertension.
Medicine
Treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and prevent the threat of death.
The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of hypertension treatment, mono and combination therapy is appropriate. When that didn't work, I used low doses of a combination of antihypertensive drugs.
Drug treatment for hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after reviewing the results of the diagnosis. If hypertension occurs, then therapy is carried out with drugs such as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed for patients with cardiovascular problems. To avoid heart complications, this is the best way, but not the best.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but can be used for a long time, because the drug is addictive (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists produce long-term effects. These drugs normalize blood pressure gradually.
- Administration of calcium blockers along with diuretics. These drugs block the absorption of calcium by the vessels, as a result, they expand and the pressure decreases.
People's recovery
- bits. Beet juice should be consumed 3 times during 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Black chokeberry. To be treated using this method, you need to drink the juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then the reception is interrupted for a week, after which the treatment is continued.
- Garlic. 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons need to be chopped in a meat grinder. Porridge is poured 1. 25 liters. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml 30 minutes before meals and before going to bed (3 weeks).
- Cranberries and honey. You need to mix half a glass of cranberry juice and half a glass of honey. Reception is carried out 3 times a day, 1 teaspoon for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal herbs are used as a non-drug treatment of hypertension: chamomile, wort St. John's wort, calendula clover. A decoction of this plant can be used to treat and prevent the cause of hypertension, as it has a calming and anti-stress effect.
Diet for hypertension
Treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet in hypertension plays an important role. Therefore, there are recommendations related to diet. Limit salty, fried and fatty foods. From the diet you need to eliminate butter, beef, mayonnaise, sour cream. Instead of animal fat, you need to choose vegetable fat. A simpler diet is recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oats). Dieting and choosing the right foods will help lower cholesterol, which in turn will lower blood pressure, as well as reduce the harmful effects of sodium on health.
The main rule if arterial hypertension appears and is found is simple - you need to see a doctor, because hypertensive people should be treated under his control.
What is the danger?
Causes central nervous system disorders:
- Headache;
- decreased work capacity;
- stroke.
Causes disturbances in internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood throughout the body.
- Cardiac ischemia. With a significant load, the heart begins to increase like a muscle, and the vessels do not expand, the oxygen supply is interrupted, while the work force does not change, overload occurs.
- Vision defects (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small vessels).
- Violation of sexual function (in men, it occurs due to interrupted blood supply to the penis, which can cause blockage of the artery that feeds it).
Hypertension requires some additional deviations. Developing and progressive hypertension brings serious consequences that make the treatment of pathology more difficult. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly with arterial hypertension. The more hypertension develops, the worse the deviation.